Historia Agraria de América Latina (HAAL) is a research journal published by the Centro de Estudios de Historia Agraria de América Latina (CEHAL), an academic, independent institution established in Santiago de Chile in 2017 and sponsored by the Asociación Latinoamericana de Historia Rural (ALAHR) founded in 2024. HAAL is to publish original articles on the history of the rural societies of Latin America and the Caribbean that analyse new topics and problems, make theoretical/methodological contributions and/or develop new interpretations. The journal publishes articles and book reviews in Spanish, English and Portuguese. It also publishes thematic dossiers and special editions with guest editors. Manuscripts are evaluated by the editors and, if considered appropriate for external evaluation, subjected to double blind peer review by specialists in the disciplinary area. HAAL is published bi-annually (May and November), and is open access through its website. Indexing Systems Directories and Catalogues
Centro de Estudios de Historia Agraria de América Latina (CEHAL)
Works published by Historia Agraria de América Latina are distributed under the terms and conditions of the license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerciaI-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The use of this material is permitted for non-commercial purposes as provided by the creator(s) and attribution granted to the publisher. No derivatives of this version are permitted. Authors are allowed and encouraged to share their work through the internet (personal website, institutional archives, academic dissemination sites) once the issue has been published, encouraging interesting exchanges and increasing citations of the published work.
Evolution of urban wages and the price of productive land: The Argentine case and its comparison with Canada and the United States (1916-1976)
This paper presents and analyzes the evolution of the ratio between urban wages and the price of wheat land in Argentina, as these indicators can, in an impressionistic manner, act as a proxy for long-term factor returns. It also examines whether this ratio followed the same pattern in other countries. To this end, a comparison is made with Canada and the United States to assess possible convergences and/or divergences in this ratio and to understand their reasons. First, an initial convergence and a process of divergence in Argentina's ratio since the mid-20th century were observed. Second, the evolution of land prices was similar in all three countries. Finally, it was found that Argentine wages followed a different trend than those in other countries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eduardo Martín Cuesta, Mauro Nahuel Cuk, Ernesto Curvale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Globalization and Coffee: The Reorganization of the Coffee Economy in Loja (Ecuador), since 1962
This article analyzes the development of capitalist globalization from the mid-20th century to the present, using value chains as an analytical framework to examine the trajectories of various coffee economies in the province of Loja (Ecuador). The analysis is based on a review of production practices, marketing strategies, and modes of territorialization over a time span that begins in 1962, when Ecuador joined the International Coffee Agreement (ICA), and extends to the present. The study adopts a diachronic methodological approach, implemented through multi-sited ethnography. It concludes that during the study period, the reorganization of the coffee economy in Loja has been consolidated through classification systems that function as mechanisms for organizing production and trade practices, as well as for differentiating the various social groups that shape and sustain the coffee economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diego David Paladines Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Patrimonial violence: women, heritage, work and rural traditions in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Rural women in southern Brazil are systematically denied their right to inherit land, which affects the sexual division of labor and undermines their authority and social recognition. This article examines the issue from the perspective of patrimonial violence, noting that although Brazilian legislation addresses the topic, it often overlooks the rural reality. Custom-based practices perpetuate biased inheritance transmission and reinforce gender inequalities. Based on the analysis of empirical data, the study concludes that patrimonial violence takes forms that differ from those most commonly recognized, as it transcends the conjugal sphere and is socially legitimized within peasant families. Such violence manifests itself both in the distribution of inheritances and after marriage to an heir, limiting the bargaining power and autonomy that land ownership could confer upon women.
Dossier: Land, labour and resistances of rural women in Latin America, the Caribbean and the Global South (Part I)
Copyright (c) 2026 Karolyna Marin Herrera, Flavia Soares Ramos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Situated political influence: rural women and agrarian justice in Colombia (1988-2025)
Based on documentary analysis and a corpus of interviews conducted since 2003, this article reconstructs the repertoires of collective action developed during key moments of rural women’s political advocacy for land access: the negotiation of agrarian laws and the Law on Rural Women, the implementation of the Victims and Land Restitution Law, participation in the Peace Agreement negotiations, and the formulation of the new Law on Rural Women, among others. These experiences constitute a form of situated rural political advocacy, understood as collective action that, by contesting legal frameworks and public policies, destabilizes the patriarchal-capitalist hierarchies that have historically conditioned land access in Colombia. The article proposes to understand rural women as political subjects whose practices expand the horizons of agrarian and gender justice by reshaping the rules of the game in the struggles for land.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Fernanda Sañudo Pazos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The history and memories of the women of the Rural Movement and the Agrarian Leagues of Northeastern Argentina. Contributions to the field of peasant studies
This article examines the politics of women in the Agrarian Leagues and the Christian Rural Movement in northeastern Argentina, focusing on their forms of participation and intervention in rural territories. This is a topic that has received scant attention, both in the field of rural studies and in studies of memory and recent history in Argentina. Indeed, the political participation of peasant women has been rendered invisible, even in experiences where grassroots organizing was driven entirely by rural families—living spaces whose organization and reproduction are typically ensured by women. Specifically, this work studies the history of the Agrarian Leagues and the Christian Rural Movement through the analysis of memory exercises by the women who participated in this experience and reflects on its impact on the processes of reinterpreting the past. To this end, we examine oral narratives, visual and audiovisual documents (photographs, iconography, interviews), privileged vehicles for understanding the political history of the peasantry in the region and their representations of that experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 claudia calvo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Wheat farming in Argentina during the great expansion (1890–1914). An analysis based on profitability and variable costs
This article studies the economic dynamics of wheat production in the Argentine Pampas during its rapidly expanding period (1890-1914), with a specific focus on production costs. The methodological framework integrates a regional overview with a disaggregated analysis of the four Pampean provinces. The main findings suggest that while the sector initially achieved sustained profitability through favorable international prices and controlled costs, the situation began to deteriorate after 1910. This trend was due to a combination of rising costs and declining yields resulting from the shift toward more land-extensive farming units onto less productive lands. The research is grounded in a comprehensive database constructed from primary sources, such as national censuses, contemporary technical reports, and official data from the Ministry of Agriculture's Statistics Division.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Martiren, Julio Djenderedjian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Criminalization of the Third Malón de la Paz as a Governance Strategy of the Lithium-Extraction Model in the Context of the Energy Transition, Jujuy, Argentina, 2023–2025
From the beginning of the twentieth century, the expansion of the extractivist frontier has intensified socio-environmental conflictivity in Latin America, especially on indigenous territories. Renewed interest on minerals of strategic importance for the energetic transition, such as lithium, copper, and rare earths, has triggered a “green extrativism” phase, wich combines historic forms of expoliation with new sustainability discourses. In this context, state elites from countries that are dependent on the extractivist rent, have strenghtened mechanisms of social control and criminilization strategies, to secure stability that allow to attract investment. This article examines the Tercer Malón de la Paz (TMP), an indigenous movement that emerged in Argentina’s Jujuy province. Adopting a multi-scale approach, which articlates pronince, national, and regional levels, we discuss how punitive practices, discourses, and dispositives are interrelated and reconfigured. We argue that, since 2015, Argentinian political elites have aligned themselves with a regional logic by which indigenous communities are constructed as threats, which legitimizes repressive policies and the militarization of the social order. The case of the TMP makes evident the strenghtening of a regime of extractivist governability within the “green extractivism”, which deepens the lithium-bases model in the context of the current energetic transition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marina Mendoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Between Commercial Rapprochement and Political Distancing: Salvador Allende's Role in Cuban Sugar Diplomacy (1961-1963)
The impact of the Cold War on Latin America, intensified in 1959 by the triumph of the Cuban Revolution and its diplomatic rupture with the United States in January 1961, directly affected Cuban exports, especially sugar, its main product. For a brief period (1961-1963), Chile benefited from preferential access to Cuban sugar, concurrent with a progressive political distancing that culminated in the rupture of diplomatic relations in August 1964. Unlike the political, social, and cultural effects of the Cuban Revolution in Chile, widely studied for the period of the Salvador Allende government, bilateral trade relations in the early years of the revolutionary process have received scarce historiographical attention. Based on Cuban and Chilean archival sources, this article analyzes the role of Senator Salvador Allende in the activation of a commercial credit in 1961. It is suggested that this link constituted an alternative diplomatic strategy, anticipating key elements of Chile’s future foreign policy and which, in this case, allowed for the achievement of unprecedented levels of bilateral exchange.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricardo Perez Haristoy, Ricardo Herrera Saldias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The endurance of possession throughout the transformations in land access rights, from the end of the Colonial Period to the mid-twentieth century in Jujuy, Argentina
This article addresses problems arising from transformations in land access from the late Colonial Period and through the first century of the Republican Period; both those that were implemented through formal and institutional means, as well as those that occurred in practice. It analyzes the claims of tenant farmers (arrenderos) on large estates who, between the last third of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th century, claimed rights of possession to their ancestral estates. The analysis presented here takes a long-term perspective, in recognition of the need to shift focus from a modern concept of “property” towards an older viewpoint that emphasizes access to and use of natural resources. The empirical foundation for this analysis comprises information on populations descendent from Colonial Era reductions and Indian villages in the north of Tucumán, an area which later became the Argentine province of Jujuy following the Wars of Independence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Alejandra Teruel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La concentrada geografía legal de la propiedad privada rural en Chile: ¿una oportunidad para los VGGT?
En este artículo investigo la trayectoria e intensidad de la concentración de la tierra en Chile en un contexto marcado por los efectos del cambio climático en las zonas rurales. En este sentido, ofrezco una perspectiva analítica que considera este fenómeno como una expresión geográfica del sistema de tenencia de la tierra, caracterizado por su vocación individual, absoluta y excluyente de la propiedad privada. En segundo lugar, para cuantificar su trayectoria, organizo sistemáticamente los datos recogidos en los Censos Agrarios realizados entre 1965 y 2021, revelando una presencia significativa del fenómeno tanto en las tierras de regadío como en las de secano situadas en las regiones con mayor potencial agrícola. A partir de lo anterior, argumento que las Directrices Voluntarias sobre la Gobernanza Responsable de la Tenencia (VGGT) tienen la capacidad de articular un diálogo para reconsiderar el contenido y los límites de la geografía legal de la propiedad rural en Chile, con el fin de fortalecer un sistema de tenencia capaz de ofrecer una alternativa coordinada y colaborativa a los efectos del cambio climático en las zonas rurales.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eduardo Villavicencio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Continuity and Change in Uruguay’s Landed Elite (1950-2020)
The article provides an overview of the main large landowners in Uruguay from 1950 to 2020, analyzing their characteristics based on nationality and level of diversification. It also examines the key transformations that occurred during this period, and assesses the relative size of these landowners compared to other sectors of the Uruguayan economy. To construct the data on the landowning elite, the study relied on previously published works for earlier periods. For 2020, a ranking of landowners was developed using a triangulation of various primary sources. The article highlights that the most significant changes in the structure of landowning leadership occurred in the 21st century, driven by the influx of foreign capital and the adoption of new agricultural business models. Additionally, it reveals that the largest landowners have not been more substantial in size compared to leading capitals in other sectors of the economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Geymonat, Gabriel Oyhantçabal Benelli, Ismael Díaz Isasa , Soledad Figueredo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Localización de la producción agraria y geografía económica. Uruguay en el largo plazo (1870–2008)
Este artículo examina cómo las condiciones geográficas influyeron en la distribución territorial de la producción agraria en Uruguay a lo largo del tiempo. Abarcando 17 referencias temporales (1870–2008), contrastamos el impacto de los factores geográficos de primera naturaleza (dotación de tierras, clima, ubicación) con los de segunda naturaleza (economías de aglomeración, infraestructura y transporte). Utilizando datos de panel y una descomposición de R², los resultados muestran que los factores de segunda naturaleza ganaron relevancia en el siglo XX, a medida que el cambio tecnológico impulsó una agricultura más intensiva. Los grandes mercados, incluyendo Montevideo y las regiones fronterizas (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos y Río Grande do Sul), se convirtieron en impulsores clave de la concentración agraria, emergiendo, con el paso del tiempo, el potencial de mercado como el factor predominante.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pablo Castro Scavone, Henry Willebald https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Between social justice and economic modernization: Dairy industry and ejido land endowment in the Cuautitlán Valley, Mexico, 1917-1937
The main objective of this work is to analyze the development of the dairy industry in the Cuautitlán Valley through the resistance from landowners and ranchers to the allocation of their properties, dedicated to this activity, in the face of the land allocation processes for neighboring towns between 1917 and 1937. By analyzing the land allocation request submitted in 1917 by the residents of San Mateo Ixtacalco, we seek to explain the development of the dairy industry on some haciendas and ranches in the Cuautitlán Valley. At the same time, we aim to reconstruct the debate surrounding the inalienability of small properties and those dedicated to dairy production. This approach will allow us to understand the origins of the dairy industry in the region and explain why landowners and ranchers managed, for almost two decades, to prevent their properties from being designated as ejidos.
Copyright (c) 2025 Porfirio Neri Guarneros, Paola Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
La lucha por las tierras comunales en el Caribe colombiano: género y trabajo en la movilización campesina durante los primeros años de la reforma agraria
El Caribe colombiano tiene una de las estructuras agrarias más desiguales de América Latina, derivada de los latifundios ganaderos y diferentes booms agrícolas de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. La Ley de Reforma Agraria de 1961 permitió desafiar este régimen de acumulación de tierras. Este artículo explora el papel de las mujeres y las infancias en el sostenimiento del trabajo productivo y reproductivo dentro de los latifundios del Caribe y durante la movilización campesina de la década de 1960. El artículo sostiene que, en la movilización campesina por la reforma agraria, las mujeres e infancias transformaron el trabajo reproductivo que solían realizar en los latifundios en esfuerzos colectivos que sostuvieron la movilización campesina, protegiendo a las comunidades campesinas del Caribe de la precariedad y defendido los bienes comunes como la posibilidad de sostener la vida y el cuidado por fuera de la lógica de la expansión latifundista.
Copyright (c) 2025 Margarita María Martínez Osorio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Courtheyn, Christopher, Community of Peace: Performing Geographies of Ecological Dignity in Colombia, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022, 280 pp, ISBN: 9780822947131
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Manuel Lagos Mieres, Colonos a sangre y fuego. Santiago: Ceibo Ediciones, 2024, 340 pp. ISBN: 978-956-359-172-9
Rath, Thomas, The Dread Plague and the Cow Killers: The Politics of Animal Disease in Mexico and the World. Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 2022, 264 pp, ISBN: 9781108844482
Correia, Joel E. Disrupting the Patrón: Indigenous Land Rights and the Fight for Environmental Justice in Paraguay’s Chaco, Oakland, University of California Press, 2023, 236 pp, ISBN: 9780520393103
Mechanisms of Property Access in 'the throat' of New Spain. Social Relationships, Customs, and Rights in Veracruz: 1680-1770
The article analyzes the mechanisms that allowed families, workers and communities to gain access to lands of mayorazgos and municipal corporations. The territory adjacent to the city of Veracruz in New Spain is taken as a space of analysis, in a period that begins in the last decades of the seventeenth century and ends in the initial phase of Bourbon militarization. During that period, a hierarchical and ethnically diverse society was consolidated and its members settled in haciendas, ranches and places, where they dedicated themselves to carrying out different productive activities. The access and permanence of families in their sites is explained by the importance of piety, custom, and the notions of justice and common good as referents of a shared culture that influenced the agreements made by owners, administrators, tenants and stewards to distribute the usufruct of the land and reduce conflicts. These circumstances produced a variety of property rights that did not always need written testimony when the compromises established between the social actors were the parameter that gave them value and durability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Juventino Garcia Ruiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Private Property, Social Revolution, and Nation: The Origins of Andean Socialism in Nineteenth-Century Peru
This research takes a new look at the formation of nineteenth-century socialism in Peru. Although previous studies have shown that since at least 1848 this intellectual current redefined the political language in the West and other more developed nations of Latin America, little is known about how Peru, a country with an indigenous peasant majority, gave room to some of the most radical socialist projects in the world by the 1920s. Through a study of newspapers, monographs, and government documents, this article argues that by the end of the nineteenth century, despite the absence of a vanguard party and a robust working class, Peruvian society had developed sophisticated ideas about socialism in which European but also “pre-Hispanic” traditions that reformulated modern interpretations of private property, social revolution, and the nation. These visions of Peru would become more recurrent and politicized in the twentieth century.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mario Tumen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
State strategies and reconfiguration of the territory in the consolidation of agrarian and forestry capitalism in Araucanía, Chile c. 1920-1955
This article analyzes the mechanisms that the state implemented to solve the social conflict over land and massive deforestation, but that ultimately deepened the exclusion of indigenous and peasant communities, strengthened the hacienda system and the forest industry, and consolidated the agrarian and forest capitalist model in the Araucanía region (Chile) between 1920 and 1955. It examines how four state policies, namely the Forestry Law of 1931, the Southern Property Law, Law 4169 of 1927 on the division of indigenous lands, and the Agricultural Colonization Fund, were key in the process of deepening agrarian and forest capitalism. The main argument proposed is that these state policies consolidated state domination in La Araucanía. Thus, we find that the Chilean case of land and forest commodification did not follow paths like those of countries such as Mexico and Colombia, where state management of forests and lands responded to the conflict between actors with policies less exclusive of indigenous communities and peasants. The study uses maps, agricultural censuses, and legislation to trace changes in land and forest ownership and use, and the social implications of La Araucanía's integration into capitalism and the Chilean state.
Dossier: Fronteras de mercancías en América Latina
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Henao, Lorena Campuzano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Dictatorship, salmon farming and tourism: the expansion of the commodity frontier in northern Chilean Patagonia. Palena and Aysén (1973-1990)
This article analyzes the expansion of the commodity frontier in northern Chilean Patagonia (Palena and Aysén provinces) in the context of the military dictatorship and neoliberal reforms (1973-1990). From this analysis, we present the particular combination of State and capitalism that characterizes this historical process, in which this territory is defined as an empty space and its occupation is imposed through economic activities of transnational projection, such as salmon farming and tourism. Both processes lead to a complex commercialization of local water resources and a new tourist valuation of nature. The article is based on a geographic-historical approach and a qualitative methodology of content analysis, in which the propositional content of archives and documents of key institutions of this process (ODEPLAN, SERPLAC, CORFO, IREN-CIREN, Fundación Chile) is analyzed.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Román Carrasco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Malting barley in the city of wine: business strategies for its expansion in Mendoza, Argentina, c. 1914-1935
In the first decades of the 20th century, various initiatives were undertaken to diversify the productive structure of the province of Mendoza, which had specialized in winemaking since 1890. This article addresses the evolution of malting barley cultivation in Mendoza between 1914 and 1935, employing information from Statistical Yearbooks of the province of Mendoza, agricultural magazines, newspapers, and legislative debates. We seek to identify business and state strategies for the development of malting and brewing activities within the framework of the drive for productive diversification in a predominantly wine-producing province, the impact of World War I and the Great Depression on the beer industry. We also analyze the evolution of barley plantations, identifying the main cultivation areas, in order to determine the scope of these initiatives for the development of the new agroindustrial activity. The main argument put forward is that, as part of its business strategies aimed at consolidating malt and beer production in different parts of the country, in Mendoza the Bemberg group made significant investments to develop the cultivation of malted barley and the production of malt and beer, thus achieving self-sufficiency in the supply of a fundamental input that until then had been imported.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Celeste Aroca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Republican El Dorado? The livestock commodity frontier of the Orinoco at the service of Venezuelan and Colombian Independence
This paper shows how the animal resources of the Orinoco played a decisive role in the military success of the Venezuelan and Colombian Independentistas between 1818 and 1821. It first analyzes the constitution of new agricultural activities in the Orinoco from the 18th century onwards, mainly cattle raising, essentially through the work of religious orders. Then it is demonstrated that, through international trade, the resources of the Orinoco were exported mainly to the Caribbean, where mules and cattle were indispensable for the mills (and also for feeding, in the case of cattle). Thus, this work aims to demonstrate that commerce between the cattle commodity frontier of the Orinoco and the consolidated and the sugar commodity frontier of the Caribbean enabled the patriot army of Venezuela and Colombia to defeat the Spanish forces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Frédéric Spillemaeker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Fronteras de mercancías: una mirada desde la historia del capitalismo agrario en América Latina
Este número de la revista Historia Agraria de América Latina, al igual que el anterior (v. 5, n. 2, publicado en noviembre de 2024), conforman un dossier sobre el tema de fronteras de mercancías. Para ello, hemos publicado un conjunto de artículos que surgen de agendas de investigación en torno al análisis de las formas históricas del capitalismo en diversas regiones exportadoras o mercantilizadas del Gran Caribe y de América del Sur. La mayoría de los estudios se centra en el siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX, periodo de fuerte vinculación de las economías latinoamericanas con el mercado global. Los artículos abordan mercancías agrícolas, forestales, pecuarias y piscícolas. Una primera lectura sobre las contribuciones recibidas nos habla directamente de la complejidad estructural de América Latina, un espacio que desafía los esquemas de análisis rígidos y exige enfoques que reconozcan la heterogeneidad de sus procesos históricos, las conexiones transregionales y las múltiples escalas de articulación. El presente ensayo es una introducción teórica del dossier sobre fronteras de mercancías, que busca establecer puentes históricos e intelectuales entre este enfoque y América Latina. El texto está organizado de la siguiente manera: primero, haremos una breve exposición de algunos de los postulados que se han planteado alrededor de la idea de fronteras de mercancías. En segundo lugar, explicaremos la relevancia histórica e intelectual que tiene este concepto para la historia de América Latina, así como la manera en que es deudor de muchas de las ideas y discusiones que se dieron en el pasado en torno a los problemas del subdesarrollo en la región. Finalmente, haremos una exposición ampliada de los aspectos centrales de los artículos publicados en las dos entregas que conforman el dossier temático.
Rosa Fátima de Souza Chaloba, Macioniro Celeste Filho, Ilka Miglio de Mesquita, História e Memória da Educação Rural no Século XX. São Paulo: Editora Cultura Acadêmica, 2020, 494 pp. ISBN: 978-65-86546-53-8.
Liliana Gómez, Archive Matter. A Camera in the Laboratory of the Modern. Zurich, Suiza: Think Art/Diaphanes, 2022, 400 pp. ISBN: 978-3-0358-0396-9.
Mario Graña Taborelli, Jurisdictional Battlefields. Political Culture, Theatricality, and Spanish Expeditions to Charcas in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 2024, 238 pp. ISBN: 978-1-83553-709-1.
Incentives for the development of potato agriculture in Costa Rica? Public policies, agricultural credit and crop insurance (1950-2015)
This article seeks to explain the expansion and the agro-ecological conditions of potato cultivation in Costa Rica in the 1950-2015 period, and to analyze public policies fostering potato production, such as assistance plans for granting credit and crop insurance. Information and data were gathered from national agricultural censuses (1950, 1955, 1963, 1973 y 1984), field trips, and interviews with individual producers and specialized agronomists. The main argument proposes is that access to credit and crop insurance was unequal and contingent upon agro-ecological risks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wainer Ignacio Coto Cedeño https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Between National and Transnational Frontiers: The Expansion of Banana in Costa Rica in the Context of Fruit Commoditization (1899-1930)
The paper provides an analysis of the expansion of banana cultivation in Costa Rica during the initial banana cycle (1899-1930), with a focus on the commodification of the fruit and the corresponding frontier expansion. It delves into the significance of land claims on unoccupied lands and the influence of the United Fruit Company on banana cultivation in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica. Special attention is given to the establishment of the political-administrative division of Limón by the liberal governments of Costa Rica. Additionally, it emphasizes the creation of Agricultural Districts within the Limón Division, which were established by the United Fruit Company to facilitate commercial banana cultivation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Andrea Montero Mora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0